What are PFAS/PFOS “forever chemicals”?  What are they used in?

“Forever chemicals” refers to a class of synthetic chemicals known as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). These chemicals are called “forever” chemicals because they are extremely persistent in the environment and do not break down easily, leading to concerns about their long-term impact on human health and the environment.

Key characteristics of PFAS and why they are called “forever chemicals” include:

• Persistence: PFAS compounds are highly resistant to degradation by natural processes, which means they can persist in the environment for a very long time, potentially centuries.
• Widespread Presence: PFAS have been used in a wide range of industrial and consumer products, including firefighting foam, non-stick cookware, food packaging (such as microwave popcorn bags), and stain-resistant fabrics. As a result, they have become ubiquitous in the environment and can be found in soil, water, air, and even in almost all bodies of humans and wildlife.
• Bioaccumulation: PFAS can accumulate in living organisms, including humans, as they move up the food chain. This bioaccumulation can lead to higher concentrations of these chemicals in organisms at the top of the food chain, potentially posing health risks.
• Health Concerns: There are concerns about the potential health effects of PFAS exposure. Some studies have linked PFAS exposure to health issues such as cancer, reproductive problems, immune system dysfunction, and developmental effects in children. However, more research is needed to fully understand the extent of these health risks.

Due to their persistence and potential health risks, there has been increasing attention and regulation of PFAS in recent years. Efforts are being made to reduce their use in products and to clean up contaminated sites to mitigate their environmental and health impacts.

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Why are PFAS/PFOS “forever chemicals” used for if they are so bad?

PFAS/PFOS have a wide range of industrial and commercial uses, which is why they are still used despite concerns about their environmental and health impacts. Here are some reasons why PFAS are used:

• Water and Oil Repellency: PFAS are known for their water and oil repellent properties, which make them valuable in various applications, such as waterproof clothing, stain-resistant fabrics, and non-stick cookware. These properties are highly desirable in many consumer products.
• Firefighting Foam: Certain PFAS compounds are used in firefighting foams, especially those designed for extinguishing flammable liquid fires. These foams are critical for fighting fires at airports, industrial facilities, and military installations.
• Industrial Processes: PFAS is used in various industrial processes, such as the production of semiconductors, chrome plating, and the manufacturing of photovoltaic cells and batteries.
• Medical Applications: Some medical devices, such as catheters and artificial organs, are coated with PFAS to reduce the risk of infection and improve their performance.
• Food Packaging: PFAS has been used in food packaging materials to provide grease-resistant and waterproof properties to products like fast-food wrappers and microwave popcorn bags.

Should I test my water for PFAS (forever chemicals)?

Testing water for “forever chemicals,” also known as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), is a prudent and responsible step to ensure the safety of your drinking water. PFAS are a group of synthetic chemicals that have been used in various industrial and consumer products, including firefighting foam, non-stick cookware, and waterproof fabrics. They are called “forever chemicals” because they persist in the environment and can accumulate in the human body over time.

Here are some considerations regarding testing for PFAS in your water:

• Local Water Quality: First, check with your local water utility or environmental agency. In some areas, routine testing for PFAS is conducted, and the results may be publicly available. If your water source is known to be contaminated or if PFAS have been detected in nearby water supplies, testing is especially important.
• Private Wells: If you have a private well, it’s a good idea to test your water for PFAS. Private wells are not regulated in the same way as public water systems, so the responsibility for water quality testing typically falls on the well owner.
• Frequency of Testing: The frequency of testing depends on several factors, including the history of PFAS contamination in your area and the potential sources of contamination near your water source. If there is no known contamination in your area and your water source is not at risk, periodic testing every few years may be sufficient. However, if there is a history of contamination or nearby sources of PFAS, more frequent testing may be necessary.
• Risk Assessment: Consider your individual risk factors, such as proximity to industrial sites, military bases, or areas where PFAS-containing products have been used extensively. The more potential sources of contamination near your water source, the more important it is to test regularly.
• Regulations and Guidelines: Keep an eye on local and federal regulations and guidelines related to PFAS in drinking water. These regulations may change over time, which could impact the frequency and types of testing required.
• Treatment Options: If PFAS/PFOS are detected in your water, it’s essential to understand the treatment options available. You can fill out our questionnaire below to get more information.  

In summary, while testing for PFAS in your water may not be necessary indefinitely, it is advisable to test periodically, especially if there are known sources of contamination in your area or if you have a private well. Staying informed about local water quality and regulatory changes can help you make informed decisions about testing and water treatment.